Animals / Dogs

Alaskan Malamute

History of occurrence

Native to the northern regions of the Western hemisphere, this member of the Spitz family was originally bred by a tribe of Inuit, the Mahlemuts. The Malamutes were all-purpose dogs and performed tasks such as hauling sleds in winter, carrying packs of freight in summer, guarding herds of caribou and hunting polar bear, moose or wolves. In camp, the dogs were loyal family pets that watched over and kept children warm during long winter nights. Ideally suited to ice and cold weather, this breed has also adapted well to more temperate climates.

General form

The Alaskan Malamute, one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs, is a powerful and substantially built dog with a deep chest and strong, well-muscled body. The Malamute stands well over the pads, and this stance gives the appearance of much activity and proud carriage, with head erect and eyes alert showing interest and curiosity. The head is broad. Ears are triangular and erect when alerted. The muzzle is bulky, only slight diminishing in width from root to nose. The muzzle is not pointed or long, yet not stubby. The coat is thick with a coarse guard coat of sufficient length to protect a woolly undercoat. Malamutes are of various colours. Face markings are a distinguishing feature. These consist of a cap over the head, the face either all white or marked with a bar and/or mask. The tail is well furred, carried over the back, and has the appearance of a waving plume. The Malamute must be a heavy boned dog with sound legs, good feet, deep chest and powerful shoulders, and have all of the other physical attributes necessary for the efficient performance of his job. The gait must be steady, balanced, tireless and totally efficient. He is not intended as a racing sled dog designed to compete in speed trials. The Malamute is structured for strength and endurance, and any characteristics of the individual specimen, including temperament, which interferes with the accomplishment of this purpose, is to be considered the most serious of faults.

Отличительная особенность породы Alaskan Malamute

Head

Head: the head is broad and deep, not coarse or clumsy, but in proportion to the size of the dog. The expression is soft and indicates an affectionate disposition. Skull: is broad and moderately rounded between the ears, gradually narrowing and flattening on top as it approaches the eyes. The topline of the skull and the topline of the muzzle show a slight break downward from a straight line as they join. Muzzle: is large and bulky in proportion to the size of the skull, diminishing slightly in width and depth from junction with the skull to the nose. The lips are close fitting. Nose, lips and eye rims' pigmentation: is black in all coat colours except reds. Brown is permitted in red dogs. The lighter streaked "snow nose" is acceptable. Eyes: the eyes are obliquely placed in the skull. Eyes are brown, almond shaped and of medium size. Blue eyes are a serious fault. Ears: the ears are of medium size, but small in proportion to the head. The ears are triangular in shape and slightly rounded at the tips. They are set wide apart on the outside back edges of the skull, in line with the upper corner of the eye, giving ears the appearance, when erect, of standing off from the skull. Erect ears point slightly forward, but when the dog is at work, the ears are sometimes folded against the skull. High set ears are a fault. Mouth: the upper and lower jaws are broad with large teeth. The incisors meet with a scissors grip. Overshot or undershot is a fault.

Body

Neck: strong and moderately arched. Chest: well developed. Body: compactly built but not short coupled. Back: straight and gently sloping to the hips. Loins: hard and well muscled.

Paws

Shoulders: moderately sloping; forelegs heavily boned and muscled, straight to the pasterns when viewed from the front. Pasterns: short and strong and slightly sloping when viewed from the side. Legs: are rear broad and heavily muscled through the thighs; stifles moderately bent and well let down. When viewed from the rear, the legs stand and move true in line with the movement of the front legs, not too close nor too wide. Dewclaws on the rear legs: undesirable and should be removed shortly after puppies are whelped. Feet: are large, toes tight fitting and well arched. There is a protective growth of hair between the toes. The pads are thick and tough; toenails short and strong.

Tail

Is moderately set and follows the line of the spine at the base. The tail is carried over the back when not working. It is not a snap tail or curled tight against the back, nor is it short furred like a fox brush. The Malamute tail is well furred and has the appearance of a waving plume.

Wool

The Malamute has a thick, coarse guard coat, never long and soft. The undercoat is dense, from 2.5-5 cm (1-2 ins.) in depth, oily and woolly. The coarse guard coat varies in length as does the undercoat. The coat is relatively short to medium along the sides of the body, with the length of the coat increasing around the shoulders and neck, down the back, over the rump, and in the breeching and plume. Malamutes usually have a shorter and less dense coat during the summer months. The Malamute is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet. Colour: the usual colours range from light grey through intermediate shadings to black, sable and shadings of sable to red. Colour combinations are acceptable in undercoats, points and trimmings. The only solid colour allowable is all white. White is always the predominant colour on underbody, part of legs and feet, and part of face markings. A white blaze on the forehead and/or collar, or a spot on the nape is attractive and acceptable. The Malamute is mantled, and broken colours extending over the body or uneven splashing are undesirable.

Movement

The gait of the Malamute is steady, balanced and powerful. He is agile for his size and build. When viewed from the side, the hindquarters exhibit strong rear drive that is transmitted through a well-muscled loin to the forequarters. The forequarters receive the drive from the rear with a smooth reaching stride. When viewed from the front or from the rear, the legs move true in line, not too close nor too wide. At a fast trot, the feet will converge toward the centreline of the body. A stilted gait, or any gait that is not completely efficient and tireless, is to be penalised.

Size

Height: Dogs — 63.5 cm. Bitches — 58.5 cm. Weight: Dogs — 38.5 kg.  Bitches — 34 kg.

Character

This is an affectionate, loving and loyal family dog not suited to guard work. Confident and strong-willed, they tend to be very dominant and require early obedience training. They are energetic, playful and friendly, but, as with all large breeds, require supervision at play with small children.

Maintenance care

The Alaskan Malamute loves cold weather and especially loves to haul a sled through the snow. It can run for miles and needs to have adequate exercise every day, either in the form of a long walk on leash or the opportunity to run or mush. It can live outdoors in temperate to cold climates, but it does better inside during warm weather. Its coat needs brushing once or twice a week — more often when shedding. Lifespan — 10-12 years.

Dignity

Looks imposing, so makes an effective deterrent, yet is usually friendly with everyone.

Difficulty keeping

Aggression toward other animals. Escaping from your yard in search of adventure. Extreme possessiveness of food: children and other animals should not approach an Alaskan Malamute who is eating. Very heavy shedding.

Diseases

The Alaskan Malamute occasionally suffers from gastric torsion,seizures, hemeralopia, and polyneuropathy. The major health problems that can ail the breed are canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and cataract, while minor concerns include osteochondrodysplasia (OCD) and hypothyroidism. To identify some of these issues, a veterinarian may conduct eye, hip, and thyroid exams on this breed of dog, as well as tests for osteochondrodysplasia.
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